Access is controlled per page by the Stripe permission group in Users Roles (/admin/usersprofiles):

• Stripe Dashboard - shows/hides the Dashboard menu link (the page itself only additionally requires an admin-level user, not this exact permission - see the redirect question).
• Stripe Balance - Balance Overview.
• Stripe Payouts - Payouts list and payout details.
• Stripe Payments - Payments list, payment details and the CSV export.
• Stripe Disputes - Disputes list, dispute details and submitting evidence.
• Stripe Account Settings - Account Settings page and editing account information.
• Connect Stripe - the Connect page and the Connect Stripe buttons on kitchen locations and Integrations.

The Fees entry uses the separate Fees permission (Sales group). The Dashboard and Processing Fees pages additionally require an admin-level user. Super admins see a few extra items (Available / Instant Available balance cards, the Stripe account ID and timezone, and direct links to dashboard.stripe.com on payment/payout detail pages).